What are Communicable Diseases, Symptom, Transmission & Prevention?

What are Communicable Diseases? Health is a great gift of Almighty Allah. We realize the importance of health when we are sick. There may be many causes of a disease, for example germs, scarcity of food and air pollution etc. Similarly, every disease has specific symptoms e.g., cough, fever, flu, sore throat etc.

The human body temperature is 98.6 °F or 37 °c. When our body temperature exceeds this limit, it is called fever. Cough is an instant response of our body. It is due to the soreness and scratchiness of the
throat.

Fever is not a disease but a symptom of disease.
The body temperature of humans is measured in Fahrenheit degree?, which is written as °F.
The human body temperature is measured by the thermometer.
The coughing removes obstruction (e.g., dust or mucous) from the windpipe.
S. Sneezing helps us to remove the virus and bacteria present in the nose. 6. Flu is a disease as well as symp{om of many diseases.

Contagious Diseases

If any one of your class fellows suffers fron1 flu then usually the teacher advises him to take rest at home. Why does the teacher say this? The teacher advises because the other children may not get flu. Flu is a disease which is transmitted from one person to other.

The disease which can be transmitted from one person to the other person is called contagious disease. For example, flu, polio, TB, hepatitis and COVID-19. The flu patient complains about congested or runny nose and headache.

Polio is caused by a particular germ called virus. This virus remains present in the throat and intestine of a person. It paralyses the legs permanently. There is no treatment of this disease. Polio virus is transmitted through food, water and air.

TB is caused by a particular germ called bacteria. It usually affects lungs. TB, flu and COVID-19 are transmitted from one person to another through coughing, sneezing, use of articles of the affected person and conversation. The inflammatory condition of the liver is called hepatitis. The germs of this disease are transmitted through polluted water, food or blood.

The causes of covid-19 is virus, which is called corona virus. It affects the entire body including lungs. In 2019-2620, this virus affected the entire world due to which millions of people died. It is transmitted from one person to another through social and respiration.

Non-Contagious Disease

Non- contagious disease is not transmitted from one person to another for example diabetes and cancer. –
In diabetes, the sugar level in the blood increases. The common symptoms of diabetes are feeling very thirsty and hungry, frequent urination, extreme fatigue and weight loss. It affects many organs of the body such as heart, kidneys and eyes.

Cancer can attack in any part of the body for example liver, stomach, intestine and blood. In cancer, there is uncontrolled increase in the number of cells in the affected organ. It may remain confined to any particular organ or may spread in the whole body.

For the treatment of cancer, there are hospitals in many cities of Pakistan, for example Kiran (Karachi), Nori (Islamabad), Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital (Lahore, Peshawar, Karachi), lnmol (Lahore), Baitulskoon (Karachi) are major hospitals in Pakistan that treat cancer.

Prevention of Contagious Diseases

There are many ways to remain safe from contagious diseases such as washing hands, wearing mask and vaccination.

Washing Hands

Wash your hands properly for at least 20 seconds with soap before and after meal. We should also wash our hands after using toilet.

Seven Steps for Hand Wash

Wet your hands with water and rub soap on both hands. After it, use the following steps:

Wearing a Mask

What do you know about a mask as a protection against Covid-19? What are the benefits of wearing a mask? Mask is a protective barrier between your nose and mouth and the environment. It does not allow germs to enter from environment into the body through the nose and mouth. Do you know the proper way to wear the mask? Do not use a used mask. Dispose of the used mask in a proper way.

Vaccination

Do you know about vaccination? It is a method of treatment in which the weak or killed germs of a disease are injected into the body. The body produces antibodies against the weak or killed germs. These antibodies remain in body to fight the germs. Government of Pakistan has launched a campaign to administer vaccine against polio. Polio is a dangerous disease, which causes lifelong disability. Polio drops should be administered to children up to the age of five years. Have you been given polio drops?

National Cleanliness Day: Cleanliness day is observed on 30 January. The awareness among people is created to keep their home, workplace, road and public places clean.